Inflammation of the heart's sac

Inflammation of the heart's lining

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Inflammation of the heart valves

Deep swelling from leaky vessels

Swelling from a blocked lymph vessel

Thrombophlebitis means:

Hardening and thickening of an artery wall

A clot dissolving within a vein

Clot lodged in a pulmonary artery

Vessel blocked by traveling material

Clot forming at its original site

Atherosclerosis means:

Ballooning of a weakened artery

Inflammation of an arterial wall

Arteriosclerosis means:

Narrowing of arteries by a clot

Air trapped in the chest cavity

Bronchial smooth muscle contraction

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Inflammation of the bronchial lining

Permanent dilation of the bronchi

Putting Medical Terms Together Practice Questions

227 multiple-choice questions on Putting terms together for paramedic and EMT students, from Chapter 7 (Medical Terminology). Read each question, pick your answer, then tap Show answer to check it and read the explanation.

Drill this section: 5 in a row Take the Chapter 7 test

227 practice questions

Tachypnea means:
1. A. Rapid breathing
2. B. Absent breathing
3. C. Painful breathing
4. D. Slow breathing
Show answer
Answer: A. Rapid breathing
Tachy- means fast; -pnea refers to breathing.
Hemoptysis refers to:
1. A. Bleeding from the nose
2. B. Blood in the urine
3. C. Vomiting blood
4. D. Coughing up blood
Show answer
Answer: D. Coughing up blood
Hematemesis is vomiting blood.
Hypoglycemia means:
1. A. No blood sugar
2. B. Low blood sugar
3. C. High blood sugar
4. D. Sugar in the urine
Show answer
Answer: B. Low blood sugar
Hypo- low, glyc- sugar, -emia blood condition.
Dysphagia means:
1. A. Difficulty speaking
2. B. Difficulty walking
3. C. Difficulty swallowing
4. D. Difficulty breathing
Show answer
Answer: C. Difficulty swallowing
Dysphasia, with an s, refers to impaired speech.
Bradypnea means:
1. A. Slow breathing
2. B. Absent pulse
3. C. Slow pulse
4. D. Fast breathing
Show answer
Answer: A. Slow breathing
Bradycardia is the heart rate equivalent.
Hepatomegaly means:
1. A. Removal of the liver
2. B. Enlargement of the liver
3. C. Inflammation of the liver
4. D. Hardening of the liver
Show answer
Answer: B. Enlargement of the liver
Hepat- liver, -megaly enlargement.
Pericarditis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the heart's lining
2. B. Inflammation of the heart's sac
3. C. Inflammation of the heart muscle
4. D. Inflammation of the heart valves
Show answer
Answer: B. Inflammation of the heart's sac
Myocarditis is inflammation of the muscle itself.
Intraosseous means:
1. A. Within the bone
2. B. Between bones
3. C. Around the bone
4. D. Under the skin
Show answer
Answer: A. Within the bone
IO access delivers fluids into the marrow cavity.
Subcutaneous means:
1. A. Above the skin
2. B. Within a vein
3. C. Beneath the skin
4. D. Within a muscle
Show answer
Answer: C. Beneath the skin
Sub- under, cutane- skin.
Cerebrovascular accident refers to:
1. A. A brain tumor
2. B. A head injury
3. C. A stroke
4. D. A seizure
Show answer
Answer: C. A stroke
Cerebr/o brain, vascular vessels.
Bradycardia means:
1. A. Slow heart rate
2. B. Irregular heart rate
3. C. Fast heart rate
4. D. Absent heart rate
Show answer
Answer: A. Slow heart rate
Brady- slow, cardi- heart, -ia condition.
Dyspnea means:
1. A. Absent breathing
2. B. Shallow breathing
3. C. Slow breathing
4. D. Labored breathing
Show answer
Answer: D. Labored breathing
Dys- difficult, -pnea breathing. It means difficult or labored breathing.
Apnea means:
1. A. No breathing
2. B. Painful breathing
3. C. Slow breathing
4. D. Fast breathing
Show answer
Answer: A. No breathing
A- without.
Orthopnea means:
1. A. Dyspnea when lying flat
2. B. Dyspnea with exertion
3. C. Dyspnea waking from sleep
4. D. Dyspnea when standing up
Show answer
Answer: A. Dyspnea when lying flat
Ortho- straight or upright. It is relieved by sitting up; waking at night short of breath is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
Hematemesis means:
1. A. Vomiting blood
2. B. Blood in urine
3. C. Coughing blood
4. D. Blood in stool
Show answer
Answer: A. Vomiting blood
Hemat- blood, -emesis vomiting.
Hematuria means:
1. A. Vomiting blood
2. B. Blood in the urine
3. C. Blood in the stool
4. D. Nosebleed
Show answer
Answer: B. Blood in the urine
-uria urine condition.
A patient with a suspected pulmonary embolism coughs up bright red blood. This is:
1. A. Hematemesis
2. B. Epistaxis
3. C. Hemoptysis
4. D. Hematochezia
Show answer
Answer: C. Hemoptysis
Hem/o means blood and -ptysis means spitting, so hemoptysis is blood coughed up from the airway. It is often bright red and frothy. Hematemesis is vomited blood, epistaxis is a nosebleed, and hematochezia is rectal bleeding.
Epistaxis means:
1. A. Coughing blood
2. B. Nosebleed
3. C. Vomiting blood
4. D. Bleeding gums
Show answer
Answer: B. Nosebleed
A Greek term for dripping.
Melena means:
1. A. Bright red rectal bleeding
2. B. Coffee-ground vomit
3. C. Black, tarry stool
4. D. Vomiting of blood
Show answer
Answer: C. Black, tarry stool
Melan- black. The color comes from digested blood.
Hematochezia means:
1. A. Black, tarry stool
2. B. Coffee-ground vomit
3. C. Blood in the urine
4. D. Bright red rectal blood
Show answer
Answer: D. Bright red rectal blood
Lower GI bleeding.
A diabetic patient is diaphoretic and confused with a glucose of 38 mg/dL. Which term describes this?
1. A. Hyperglycemia
2. B. Glycosuria
3. C. Hypokalemia
4. D. Hypoglycemia
Show answer
Answer: D. Hypoglycemia
Hypo- means low, glyc/o means sugar, and -emia means a blood condition. Hyperglycemia is high sugar and glycosuria is sugar in the urine. Hypokalemia is low potassium.
Hyperglycemia means:
1. A. Low blood sugar
2. B. High blood sugar
3. C. Normal blood sugar
4. D. Sugar in urine
Show answer
Answer: B. High blood sugar
Hyper- high.
Glycosuria means:
1. A. Sugar in the blood
2. B. Low blood sugar
3. C. High blood sugar
4. D. Sugar in the urine
Show answer
Answer: D. Sugar in the urine
Seen in uncontrolled diabetes.
Polyuria means:
1. A. Excessive urination
2. B. Scant urination
3. C. Painful urination
4. D. Frequent night urination
Show answer
Answer: A. Excessive urination
Poly- many.
Polydipsia means:
1. A. Excessive sweating
2. B. Excessive thirst
3. C. Excessive eating
4. D. Excessive urination
Show answer
Answer: B. Excessive thirst
Dips- thirst.
Polyphagia means:
1. A. Difficulty swallowing
2. B. Excessive thirst
3. C. Excessive urination
4. D. Excessive hunger
Show answer
Answer: D. Excessive hunger
Phag- eating.
Anuria means:
1. A. Blood in urine
2. B. No urine output
3. C. Painful urination
4. D. Excessive urine
Show answer
Answer: B. No urine output
An- without.
Dysuria means:
1. A. Painful urination
2. B. Excessive urination
3. C. Absent urine output
4. D. Blood in the urine
Show answer
Answer: A. Painful urination
Dys- painful. It covers painful or difficult urination.
Nocturia means:
1. A. Absent urine output
2. B. Painful urination
3. C. Bedwetting in children
4. D. Urination at night
Show answer
Answer: D. Urination at night
Noct- night.
Tachycardia means:
1. A. Irregular heart rate
2. B. Slow heart rate
3. C. Fast heart rate
4. D. Weak heart rate
Show answer
Answer: C. Fast heart rate
Tachy- fast.
Cardiomegaly means:
1. A. Heart muscle disease
2. B. Heart rupture
3. C. Enlarged heart
4. D. Heart inflammation
Show answer
Answer: C. Enlarged heart
-megaly enlargement.
Myocarditis means:
1. A. Heart lining inflammation
2. B. Heart sac inflammation
3. C. Heart muscle inflammation
4. D. Enlarged heart muscle
Show answer
Answer: C. Heart muscle inflammation
My/o muscle, cardi heart, -itis inflammation.
Endocarditis means:
1. A. Heart muscle inflammation
2. B. Heart valve narrowing
3. C. Heart lining inflammation
4. D. Heart sac inflammation
Show answer
Answer: C. Heart lining inflammation
Endo- within. The endocardium is the inner lining, including the valves.
Cardiomyopathy means:
1. A. Enlargement of the heart
2. B. Disease of the heart muscle
3. C. Inflammation of the heart
4. D. Death of heart muscle
Show answer
Answer: B. Disease of the heart muscle
-pathy disease.
Angioedema means:
1. A. Deep swelling from leaky vessels
2. B. Narrowing of small vessels
3. C. Inflammation of vessel walls
4. D. Swelling from a blocked lymph vessel
Show answer
Answer: A. Deep swelling from leaky vessels
Angi/o vessel, -edema swelling.
Vasoconstriction means:
1. A. Widening of blood vessels
2. B. Rupture of a vessel
3. C. Inflammation of vessels
4. D. Narrowing of blood vessels
Show answer
Answer: D. Narrowing of blood vessels
Vas/o vessel, constriction narrowing.
Vasodilation means:
1. A. Narrowing of blood vessels
2. B. Widening of blood vessels
3. C. Rupture of a vessel
4. D. Clotting in a vessel
Show answer
Answer: B. Widening of blood vessels
Dilation widening.
Thrombosis means:
1. A. Clot traveling to the lungs
2. B. Clot dissolving in a vessel
3. C. Clot forming inside a vessel
4. D. Bleeding into the tissues
Show answer
Answer: C. Clot forming inside a vessel
Thromb/o clot, -osis condition.
Thrombophlebitis means:
1. A. Hardening and thickening of an artery wall
2. B. A clot dissolving within a vein
3. C. Clot lodged in a pulmonary artery
4. D. Vein inflammation with a clot
Show answer
Answer: D. Vein inflammation with a clot
Phleb/o vein. Thromb/o clot: inflammation of a vein with clot formation.
Embolism means:
1. A. Vessel blocked by traveling material
2. B. Inflammation of a vessel wall
3. C. Clot forming at its original site
4. D. Enzyme breakdown of a clot
Show answer
Answer: A. Vessel blocked by traveling material
An embolus travels. The obstruction may be a clot, fat, air, or other material.
Atherosclerosis means:
1. A. Arterial hardening from plaque
2. B. Clot formation in a deep vein
3. C. Ballooning of a weakened artery
4. D. Inflammation of an arterial wall
Show answer
Answer: A. Arterial hardening from plaque
Ather/o fatty plaque, -sclerosis hardening.
Arteriosclerosis means:
1. A. Narrowing of arteries by a clot
2. B. Hardening of the arteries
3. C. Widening of the arteries
4. D. Inflammation of the arteries
Show answer
Answer: B. Hardening of the arteries
A broader term than atherosclerosis.
Pneumothorax means:
1. A. Air in the pleural space
2. B. Fluid in the alveoli
3. C. Pus in the pleural space
4. D. Blood in the pleural space
Show answer
Answer: A. Air in the pleural space
Pneum/o air, thorax chest.
Hemothorax means:
1. A. Blood in the pleural space
2. B. Air in the pleural space
3. C. Lymph in the pleural space
4. D. Pus in the pleural space
Show answer
Answer: A. Blood in the pleural space
Hem/o blood.
Pyothorax or empyema means:
1. A. Fluid in the alveoli
2. B. Air in the pleural space
3. C. Pus in the pleural space
4. D. Blood in the pleural space
Show answer
Answer: C. Pus in the pleural space
Py/o pus.
Pneumonia means:
1. A. Air trapped in the chest cavity
2. B. Collapse of the alveolar sacs
3. C. Infection of lung tissue
4. D. Bleeding into the lung tissue
Show answer
Answer: C. Infection of lung tissue
Pneumon lung. It is inflammation, usually from infection, of lung tissue.
Bronchospasm means:
1. A. Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
2. B. Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
3. C. Excess mucus in the bronchi
4. D. Inflammation of the bronchial lining
Show answer
Answer: B. Bronchial smooth muscle contraction
Causes wheezing. The contraction is sudden.
Bronchitis means:
1. A. Spasm of the bronchial muscle
2. B. Inflammation of the bronchi
3. C. Obstruction of a bronchus
4. D. Permanent dilation of the bronchi
Show answer
Answer: B. Inflammation of the bronchi
-itis inflammation.
Laryngospasm means:
1. A. Paralysis of one vocal cord
2. B. Inflammation of the larynx
3. C. Swelling of the epiglottis
4. D. Vocal cord closure by spasm
Show answer
Answer: D. Vocal cord closure by spasm
A dangerous airway event. The vocal cords close suddenly.
Laryngitis means:
1. A. Spasm closing the vocal cords
2. B. Loss of voice from paralysis
3. C. Infection of the pharynx
4. D. Inflammation of the larynx
Show answer
Answer: D. Inflammation of the larynx
Causes hoarseness.
Pharyngitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the pharynx
2. B. Inflammation of the larynx
3. C. Inflammation of the tonsils
4. D. Inflammation of the sinuses
Show answer
Answer: A. Inflammation of the pharynx
Pharyng/o throat. Pharyngitis is a sore throat.
Rhinorrhea means:
1. A. Discharge from the nose
2. B. Bleeding from the nose
3. C. Blockage of the nose
4. D. Inflammation of the nose
Show answer
Answer: A. Discharge from the nose
Rhin/o nose, -rrhea flow. A runny nose.
Otitis media means:
1. A. Outer ear canal infection
2. B. Eardrum rupture
3. C. Middle ear inflammation
4. D. Inner ear inflammation
Show answer
Answer: C. Middle ear inflammation
Ot/o ear, media middle.
Conjunctivitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the conjunctiva
2. B. Inflammation of the iris
3. C. Inflammation of the cornea
4. D. Inflammation of the eyelid margin
Show answer
Answer: A. Inflammation of the conjunctiva
Pink eye. The conjunctiva lines the eyelids and covers the white of the eye.
Encephalitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the meninges
2. B. Inflammation of the brain
3. C. Swelling of the spinal cord
4. D. Bleeding within the brain
Show answer
Answer: B. Inflammation of the brain
Encephal/o brain.
Encephalopathy means:
1. A. Inflammation of the brain
2. B. Brain disease or dysfunction
3. C. Tumor arising in brain tissue
4. D. Bleeding into the brain
Show answer
Answer: B. Brain disease or dysfunction
Hepatic encephalopathy.
Hydrocephalus means:
1. A. Blood in the ventricles
2. B. Inflammation of the meninges
3. C. Excess CSF in the ventricles
4. D. Swelling of brain tissue
Show answer
Answer: C. Excess CSF in the ventricles
Hydr/o water, cephal head. Literally water on the brain.
Hemiplegia means:
1. A. Paralysis of all four limbs
2. B. Paralysis of one side of the body
3. C. Weakness of one side of the body
4. D. Paralysis of both legs
Show answer
Answer: B. Paralysis of one side of the body
Hemi- half, -plegia paralysis.
Hemiparesis means:
1. A. Paralysis of one side of the body
2. B. Weakness of one side of the body
3. C. Paralysis of both legs
4. D. Weakness of all four limbs
Show answer
Answer: B. Weakness of one side of the body
-paresis weakness.
Paraplegia means:
1. A. Paralysis of all four limbs
2. B. Paralysis of one side of the body
3. C. Weakness of both legs
4. D. Paralysis of the lower body
Show answer
Answer: D. Paralysis of the lower body
Para- beside, meaning both legs. It involves the legs and lower trunk.
Quadriplegia or tetraplegia means:
1. A. Paralysis of all four limbs
2. B. Paralysis of both legs
3. C. Paralysis of one side of the body
4. D. Weakness of all four limbs
Show answer
Answer: A. Paralysis of all four limbs
Quadri- or tetra- four.
Aphasia means:
1. A. Difficulty swallowing food
2. B. Inability to move one arm
3. C. Loss of language ability
4. D. Loss of sensation in the face
Show answer
Answer: C. Loss of language ability
A- without, -phasia speech. It is loss of the ability to speak or understand language.
Dysphasia means:
1. A. Difficulty swallowing
2. B. Slurred speech from weakness
3. C. Impaired speech or language
4. D. Difficulty breathing
Show answer
Answer: C. Impaired speech or language
Easily confused with dysphagia. Slurred speech from muscle weakness is dysarthria.
Dysarthria means:
1. A. Difficulty articulating words
2. B. Pain in a joint
3. C. Loss of language comprehension
4. D. Difficulty swallowing
Show answer
Answer: A. Difficulty articulating words
Slurred speech. It results from weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles.
Ataxia means:
1. A. Loss of coordination
2. B. Weakness of the muscles
3. C. Loss of sensation in the limbs
4. D. Paralysis of a single limb
Show answer
Answer: A. Loss of coordination
A- without, taxis order.
Paresthesia means:
1. A. Loss of all sensation
2. B. Increased pain sensitivity
3. C. Abnormal tingling sensation
4. D. Partial loss of movement
Show answer
Answer: C. Abnormal tingling sensation
Pins and needles.
Anesthesia means:
1. A. Absence of pain only
2. B. Weakness of a limb
3. C. Abnormal tingling sensation
4. D. Loss of sensation
Show answer
Answer: D. Loss of sensation
An- without, -esthesia sensation.
Hyperesthesia means:
1. A. Heightened sensitivity to stimuli
2. B. Diminished sensitivity to touch
3. C. Loss of sensation in an area
4. D. Abnormal tingling or prickling
Show answer
Answer: A. Heightened sensitivity to stimuli
Hyper- excessive.
Analgesia means:
1. A. Absence of pain
2. B. Loss of all sensation
3. C. Weakness of a limb
4. D. Abnormal sensation
Show answer
Answer: A. Absence of pain
An- without, algesi pain.
Syncope means:
1. A. Transient loss of consciousness
2. B. Generalized seizure with jerking
3. C. Dizziness without fainting
4. D. Prolonged unresponsiveness
Show answer
Answer: A. Transient loss of consciousness
From Greek for cutting short. Commonly called fainting.
Vertigo means:
1. A. A spinning sensation
2. B. Pain in the head
3. C. Brief loss of consciousness
4. D. Lightheadedness when standing
Show answer
Answer: A. A spinning sensation
True vertigo involves motion.
Cephalgia means:
1. A. Pain in the neck
2. B. Swelling of the brain
3. C. Pain in the face
4. D. Pain in the head
Show answer
Answer: D. Pain in the head
Cephal head, -algia pain. A headache.
Myalgia means:
1. A. Pain in a muscle
2. B. Pain along a nerve
3. C. Pain in a joint
4. D. Pain in a bone
Show answer
Answer: A. Pain in a muscle
My/o muscle.
Arthralgia means:
1. A. Pain in a muscle
2. B. Pain in a joint
3. C. Pain in a bone
4. D. Pain along a nerve
Show answer
Answer: B. Pain in a joint
Arthr/o joint.
Neuralgia means:
1. A. Pain in a joint
2. B. Pain along a nerve
3. C. Pain in a muscle
4. D. Pain within a bone
Show answer
Answer: B. Pain along a nerve
Neur/o nerve.
Osteomyelitis means:
1. A. Tumor of the bone marrow
2. B. Pain within a bone
3. C. Infection of bone and marrow
4. D. Loss of bone density with age
Show answer
Answer: C. Infection of bone and marrow
Oste/o bone, myel/o marrow.
Osteoporosis means:
1. A. Infection of the bone
2. B. Inflammation of the bone
3. C. Tumor of the bone
4. D. Porous, weakened bone
Show answer
Answer: D. Porous, weakened bone
Por/o pore, -osis condition.
Arthritis means:
1. A. Bone inflammation
2. B. Joint inflammation
3. C. Muscle inflammation
4. D. Tendon inflammation
Show answer
Answer: B. Joint inflammation
Arthr/o joint.
Tendinitis means:
1. A. Muscle inflammation
2. B. Tendon inflammation
3. C. Joint inflammation
4. D. Ligament tear
Show answer
Answer: B. Tendon inflammation
Tendin/o tendon.
Rhabdomyolysis means:
1. A. Breakdown of skeletal muscle
2. B. Spasm of smooth muscle
3. C. Inflammation of muscle
4. D. Wasting of muscle from disuse
Show answer
Answer: A. Breakdown of skeletal muscle
Rhabd/o striated, my/o muscle, -lysis breakdown.
Gastritis means:
1. A. Bleeding from the stomach
2. B. Stomach lining inflammation
3. C. Ulcer in the stomach lining
4. D. Cancer of the stomach
Show answer
Answer: B. Stomach lining inflammation
Gastr/o stomach.
Gastroenteritis means:
1. A. Obstruction of the small intestine
2. B. Stomach and intestine inflammation
3. C. Ulceration of the duodenal lining
4. D. Inflammation of the stomach alone
Show answer
Answer: B. Stomach and intestine inflammation
Two roots joined.
Appendicitis means:
1. A. Rupture of the appendix
2. B. Tumor of the appendix
3. C. Inflammation of the appendix
4. D. Surgical removal of the appendix
Show answer
Answer: C. Inflammation of the appendix
-itis inflammation.
Appendectomy means:
1. A. Incision into the appendix
2. B. Rupture of the appendix
3. C. Inflammation of the appendix
4. D. Removal of the appendix
Show answer
Answer: D. Removal of the appendix
-ectomy removal. Surgical removal.
Cholecystitis means:
1. A. Gallbladder inflammation
2. B. A stone in the gallbladder
3. C. Removal of the gallbladder
4. D. Blockage of the bile duct
Show answer
Answer: A. Gallbladder inflammation
Cholecyst/o gallbladder.
Cholelithiasis means:
1. A. Presence of gallstones
2. B. Removal of the gallbladder
3. C. Inflammation of the gallbladder
4. D. Blockage of bile flow
Show answer
Answer: A. Presence of gallstones
Chol/e bile, lith stone, -iasis condition.
Hepatitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the liver
2. B. Scarring of the liver
3. C. Enlargement of the liver
4. D. Fatty infiltration of the liver
Show answer
Answer: A. Inflammation of the liver
Hepat/o liver.
In a patient with chronic alcohol use, you feel the liver edge well below the right costal margin. This is:
1. A. Hepatitis
2. B. Splenomegaly
3. C. Ascites
4. D. Hepatomegaly
Show answer
Answer: D. Hepatomegaly
Hepat/o means liver and -megaly means enlargement. Hepatitis is liver inflammation, which may or may not cause enlargement. Splenomegaly is an enlarged spleen, and ascites is fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Splenomegaly means:
1. A. Inflammation of the spleen
2. B. Rupture of the spleen
3. C. Enlargement of the spleen
4. D. Removal of the spleen
Show answer
Answer: C. Enlargement of the spleen
Splen/o spleen.
Pancreatitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the pancreas
2. B. Removal of the pancreas
3. C. Insufficient pancreatic enzymes
4. D. Cancer of the pancreas
Show answer
Answer: A. Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreat/o pancreas.
Peritonitis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the pericardium
2. B. Inflammation of the perineum
3. C. Inflammation of the pleura
4. D. Inflammation of the peritoneum
Show answer
Answer: D. Inflammation of the peritoneum
Peritone/o peritoneum.
Nephritis means:
1. A. Kidney inflammation
2. B. Surgical kidney removal
3. C. Acute kidney failure
4. D. Kidney stone formation
Show answer
Answer: A. Kidney inflammation
Nephr/o kidney.
Nephrolithiasis means:
1. A. Inflammation of the kidney
2. B. Failure of the kidney
3. C. Stones in the kidney
4. D. Removal of a kidney
Show answer
Answer: C. Stones in the kidney
Lith stone.
Pyelonephritis means:
1. A. Infection of the bladder
2. B. Infection of the urethra
3. C. Infection of the kidney
4. D. Stone in the renal pelvis
Show answer
Answer: C. Infection of the kidney
Pyel/o renal pelvis. It involves the kidney and renal pelvis.
Cystitis means:
1. A. Formation of a fluid cyst
2. B. Infection of the kidney
3. C. Inflammation of the urethra
4. D. Inflammation of the bladder
Show answer
Answer: D. Inflammation of the bladder
Cyst/o bladder.
Urethritis means:
1. A. Infection of the bladder
2. B. Inflammation of the ureter
3. C. Inflammation of the urethra
4. D. Infection of the kidney
Show answer
Answer: C. Inflammation of the urethra
Urethr/o urethra.
Hysterectomy means:
1. A. Removal of the uterus
2. B. Removal of an ovary
3. C. Incision into the uterus
4. D. Inflammation of the uterus
Show answer
Answer: A. Removal of the uterus
Hyster/o uterus. Surgical removal.
Salpingitis means:
1. A. Fallopian tube inflammation
2. B. Inflammation of the vagina
3. C. Inflammation of an ovary
4. D. Inflammation of the uterine lining
Show answer
Answer: A. Fallopian tube inflammation
Salping/o tube.
Oophorectomy means:
1. A. Inflammation of an ovary
2. B. Removal of the uterus
3. C. Removal of a fallopian tube
4. D. Removal of an ovary
Show answer
Answer: D. Removal of an ovary
Oophor/o ovary. Surgical removal.
Mastitis means:
1. A. Breast inflammation
2. B. Benign breast tumor
3. C. Surgical breast removal
4. D. Breast pain with menses
Show answer
Answer: A. Breast inflammation
Mast/o breast.
Mastectomy means:
1. A. Removal of the breast
2. B. Biopsy of the breast
3. C. Inflammation of the breast
4. D. Reconstruction of the breast
Show answer
Answer: A. Removal of the breast
-ectomy removal. Surgical removal.
Orchitis means:
1. A. Testicular inflammation
2. B. Testicular cancer
3. C. Testicular torsion
4. D. Surgical testis removal
Show answer
Answer: A. Testicular inflammation
Orchi/o testis.
Dermatitis means:
1. A. Excessive skin dryness
2. B. Cancer of the skin
3. C. Bacterial skin infection
4. D. Inflammation of the skin
Show answer
Answer: D. Inflammation of the skin
Dermat/o skin.
Cellulitis means:
1. A. Cancer arising from skin cells
2. B. Inflammation of fatty tissue only
3. C. Skin and subcutaneous infection
4. D. Necrosis of cells in a wound
Show answer
Answer: C. Skin and subcutaneous infection
Cellul cell, -itis inflammation.
Lipoma means:
1. A. Deficiency of body fat
2. B. Benign fatty tumor
3. C. Breakdown of fat
4. D. Inflammation of fat
Show answer
Answer: B. Benign fatty tumor
Lip/o fat, -oma tumor.
Hematoma means:
1. A. Active external bleeding
2. B. Malignant tumor of blood cells
3. C. Clot inside a vessel
4. D. Blood collected in tissue
Show answer
Answer: D. Blood collected in tissue
Hemat/o blood, -oma mass.
Carcinoma means:
1. A. Malignant connective tissue tumor
2. B. Malignant epithelial tumor
3. C. Benign epithelial tumor
4. D. Malignant tumor of fat
Show answer
Answer: B. Malignant epithelial tumor
Carcin/o cancer. A malignant connective tissue tumor is a sarcoma.
Leukemia means:
1. A. Low white blood cell count
2. B. Low platelet and red cell count
3. C. High red blood cell count
4. D. Cancer of white blood cells
Show answer
Answer: D. Cancer of white blood cells
Leuk/o white, -emia blood condition.
Anemia means:
1. A. Excess white blood cell count
2. B. Low red cells or hemoglobin
3. C. Low platelet count
4. D. Excess red blood cell mass
Show answer
Answer: B. Low red cells or hemoglobin
An- without, -emia blood.
Leukocytosis means:
1. A. High white blood cell count
2. B. Cancer of white blood cells
3. C. Low red blood cell count
4. D. Low white blood cell count
Show answer
Answer: A. High white blood cell count
-osis abnormal condition.
Leukopenia means:
1. A. Low white blood cell count
2. B. Cancer of white blood cells
3. C. Low red blood cell count
4. D. High white blood cell count
Show answer
Answer: A. Low white blood cell count
-penia deficiency.
Thrombocytopenia means:
1. A. Excess clot formation
2. B. Low red blood cell count
3. C. High platelet count
4. D. Low platelet count
Show answer
Answer: D. Low platelet count
Thrombocyt platelet.
Hypoxia means:
1. A. High carbon dioxide in the blood
2. B. Low oxygen at the tissue level
3. C. Low oxygen in arterial blood
4. D. Excess oxygen in the tissues
Show answer
Answer: B. Low oxygen at the tissue level
Hyp- low, ox oxygen, -ia condition.
Hypoxemia means:
1. A. High carbon dioxide in the blood
2. B. Excess oxygen in the blood
3. C. Low oxygen in the tissues
4. D. Low oxygen in the blood
Show answer
Answer: D. Low oxygen in the blood
-emia blood.
Hypercapnia means:
1. A. High oxygen in the arterial blood
2. B. Low oxygen in the blood
3. C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
4. D. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
Show answer
Answer: C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
Capn/o carbon dioxide.
Hypocapnia means:
1. A. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
2. B. Low bicarbonate in the blood
3. C. High carbon dioxide in the blood
4. D. Low oxygen in the blood
Show answer
Answer: A. Low carbon dioxide in the blood
Seen in hyperventilation.
Hyperkalemia means:
1. A. High blood potassium
2. B. High blood magnesium
3. C. Low blood potassium
4. D. High blood sodium
Show answer
Answer: A. High blood potassium
Kal/i potassium.
Hyponatremia means:
1. A. Low blood potassium
2. B. Low blood sodium
3. C. High blood calcium
4. D. High blood sodium
Show answer
Answer: B. Low blood sodium
Natr/o sodium.
Hypocalcemia means:
1. A. Low blood magnesium
2. B. High blood calcium
3. C. Low blood calcium
4. D. Low blood potassium
Show answer
Answer: C. Low blood calcium
Calc/i calcium.
Hyperthermia means:
1. A. Low body temperature
2. B. Fever from infection only
3. C. Normal body temperature
4. D. High body temperature
Show answer
Answer: D. High body temperature
Therm/o heat.
Hypothermia means:
1. A. Fever from infection
2. B. Normal body temperature
3. C. High body temperature
4. D. Low body temperature
Show answer
Answer: D. Low body temperature
Hypo- low.
Diaphoresis means:
1. A. Flushed, red skin
2. B. Profuse sweating
3. C. Abnormally dry skin
4. D. Pale, cool skin
Show answer
Answer: B. Profuse sweating
Dia- through, phor carry.
Cyanosis means:
1. A. Yellow skin from bilirubin
2. B. Bluish skin discoloration
3. C. Red skin from vasodilation
4. D. Pale skin from poor perfusion
Show answer
Answer: B. Bluish skin discoloration
Cyan/o blue. It reflects low oxygen.
Jaundice or icterus means:
1. A. Bluish skin from hypoxia
2. B. Pale skin from blood loss
3. C. Red skin from vasodilation
4. D. Yellow skin from bilirubin
Show answer
Answer: D. Yellow skin from bilirubin
Liver or hemolysis.
Pallor means:
1. A. Bluish skin color
2. B. Reddened skin color
3. C. Yellowish skin color
4. D. Pale skin color
Show answer
Answer: D. Pale skin color
Reduced blood flow.
Erythema means:
1. A. Redness of the skin
2. B. Paleness of the skin
3. C. Yellowing of the skin
4. D. Bluish skin color
Show answer
Answer: A. Redness of the skin
Erythr/o red.
Edema means:
1. A. Excess fluid in tissue
2. B. Dehydration of tissue
3. C. Inflammatory redness of tissue
4. D. Bruising within tissue
Show answer
Answer: A. Excess fluid in tissue
Pitting edema. The fluid causes swelling.
Ascites means:
1. A. Pain in the abdomen
2. B. Fluid in the peritoneal cavity
3. C. Blood in the peritoneal cavity
4. D. Gas distending the bowel
Show answer
Answer: B. Fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Liver disease.
Pleural effusion means:
1. A. Fluid in the pleural space
2. B. Collapse of the lung
3. C. Air in the pleural space
4. D. Inflammation of the pleura
Show answer
Answer: A. Fluid in the pleural space
Effusion means fluid escape.
Pericardial effusion means:
1. A. Inflammation of the heart muscle
2. B. Enlargement of the heart
3. C. Inflammation of the pericardium
4. D. Fluid in the pericardial sac
Show answer
Answer: D. Fluid in the pericardial sac
Can cause tamponade.
A febrile 2-year-old is breathing 60 times per minute. This is:
1. A. Tachypnea
2. B. Bradypnea
3. C. Tachycardia
4. D. Orthopnea
Show answer
Answer: A. Tachypnea
Sixty breaths per minute is fast for a toddler (normal is roughly 24 to 40), so this is tachypnea. Bradypnea is slow breathing, tachycardia is a fast heart rate, and orthopnea is dyspnea when lying flat.
After a large opioid overdose, a patient breathes 6 times per minute. This is:
1. A. Tachypnea
2. B. Bradypnea
3. C. Apnea
4. D. Bradycardia
Show answer
Answer: B. Bradypnea
Brady- means slow and -pnea means breathing. A rate of 6/min is bradypnea and needs assisted ventilation and naloxone. Apnea means no breathing at all. Tachypnea is fast breathing, and bradycardia refers to the heart rate.
Hyperventilation means:
1. A. Fast breathing at any depth
2. B. Breathing in excess of need
3. C. Breathing too slowly for need
4. D. Deep breathing at any rate
Show answer
Answer: B. Breathing in excess of need
Defined by carbon dioxide, not rate. Breathing in excess of metabolic need lowers carbon dioxide.
Hypoventilation means:
1. A. Shallow breathing at any rate
2. B. Slow breathing at any depth
3. C. Fast breathing at any depth
4. D. Inadequate ventilation
Show answer
Answer: D. Inadequate ventilation
Defined by carbon dioxide. Inadequate ventilation raises carbon dioxide.
Intubation means:
1. A. Placing a tracheal tube
2. B. Suctioning the airway
3. C. Removing an airway tube
4. D. Ventilating with a bag-mask
Show answer
Answer: A. Placing a tracheal tube
In- into, tub tube.
Extubation means:
1. A. Ventilating with a bag-mask
2. B. Suctioning the airway
3. C. Removing an airway tube
4. D. Inserting an airway tube
Show answer
Answer: C. Removing an airway tube
Ex- out.
Tracheostomy means:
1. A. Inflammation of the trachea
2. B. Surgical opening into the trachea
3. C. Temporary incision into the trachea
4. D. Removal of part of the trachea
Show answer
Answer: B. Surgical opening into the trachea
-ostomy opening.
Cricothyrotomy means:
1. A. Cricothyroid membrane incision
2. B. Inflammation of the thyroid gland
3. C. Removal of the thyroid gland
4. D. Puncture of the cricoid cartilage
Show answer
Answer: A. Cricothyroid membrane incision
Emergency surgical airway. The incision goes through the cricothyroid membrane into the airway.
Thoracostomy means:
1. A. Removal of part of a lung
2. B. Opening into the chest cavity
3. C. Inflammation of the chest wall
4. D. Incision into the chest only
Show answer
Answer: B. Opening into the chest cavity
Thorac/o chest. As for a chest tube.
Thoracentesis means:
1. A. Needle puncture of the chest
2. B. Placement of a chest tube
3. C. Surgical incision into the chest
4. D. Inflammation of the pleura
Show answer
Answer: A. Needle puncture of the chest
-centesis puncture. Done to remove fluid or air.
Pericardiocentesis means:
1. A. Surgical removal of the pericardium
2. B. Needle drainage of the pericardium
3. C. Puncture of the myocardium
4. D. Inflammation of the pericardial sac
Show answer
Answer: B. Needle drainage of the pericardium
Treatment for tamponade.
Cardioversion means:
1. A. Shock converting a dysrhythmia
2. B. Chest compressions for arrest
3. C. Unsynchronized shock for VF
4. D. Electrical pacing of the heart
Show answer
Answer: A. Shock converting a dysrhythmia
Synchronized to the R wave. It converts a dysrhythmia to a normal rhythm, usually with a synchronized shock.
Defibrillation means:
1. A. Unsynchronized shock for VF
2. B. Electrical pacing of the heart
3. C. Chemical rhythm conversion
4. D. Synchronized shock for SVT
Show answer
Answer: A. Unsynchronized shock for VF
De- removal, fibrillation. VF is ventricular fibrillation.
Angioplasty means:
1. A. Vessel imaging with contrast
2. B. Vessel repair or widening
3. C. Surgical removal of a vessel
4. D. Vessel wall inflammation
Show answer
Answer: B. Vessel repair or widening
-plasty repair.
Angiography means:
1. A. Contrast imaging of vessels
2. B. Surgical removal of a vessel
3. C. Inflammation of a vessel wall
4. D. Surgical repair of a vessel
Show answer
Answer: A. Contrast imaging of vessels
-graphy recording process.
Electroencephalogram means:
1. A. Recording of muscle electrical activity
2. B. Recording of brain electrical activity
3. C. Recording of nerve conduction speed
4. D. Recording of heart electrical activity
Show answer
Answer: B. Recording of brain electrical activity
Electr/o, encephal/o brain, -gram record.
Electromyogram means:
1. A. Recording of brain electrical activity
2. B. Recording of muscle electrical activity
3. C. Recording of heart electrical activity
4. D. Recording of nerve conduction speed
Show answer
Answer: B. Recording of muscle electrical activity
My/o muscle.
Lithotripsy means:
1. A. Crushing of stones
2. B. Formation of stones
3. C. Surgical stone removal
4. D. Imaging of stones
Show answer
Answer: A. Crushing of stones
-tripsy crushing.
Nephrectomy means:
1. A. Removal of a kidney
2. B. Stone in a kidney
3. C. Inflammation of a kidney
4. D. Incision into a kidney
Show answer
Answer: A. Removal of a kidney
-ectomy removal. Surgical removal.
Colostomy means:
1. A. Incision into the colon wall
2. B. Removal of part of the colon
3. C. Inflammation of the colon lining
4. D. Colon opening onto the abdomen
Show answer
Answer: D. Colon opening onto the abdomen
-ostomy opening. The opening runs from the colon to the abdominal wall.
Colectomy means:
1. A. Inflammation of the colon
2. B. Removal of colon tissue
3. C. Incision into the colon wall
4. D. Colon opening onto the abdomen
Show answer
Answer: B. Removal of colon tissue
-ectomy removal. Surgical removal of all or part of the colon.
Laparotomy means:
1. A. Inflammation of the abdomen
2. B. Opening onto the abdominal wall
3. C. Incision into the abdomen
4. D. Removal of abdominal tissue
Show answer
Answer: C. Incision into the abdomen
Lapar/o abdomen.
Laparoscopy means:
1. A. Open incision into the abdomen
2. B. Imaging the abdomen with ultrasound
3. C. Removal of abdominal organs
4. D. Viewing the abdomen with a scope
Show answer
Answer: D. Viewing the abdomen with a scope
-scopy viewing.
Arthroscopy means:
1. A. Surgical removal of a joint
2. B. Inflammation of a joint capsule
3. C. Surgical repair of a joint
4. D. Visual examination of a joint
Show answer
Answer: D. Visual examination of a joint
Arthr/o joint.
Arthroplasty means:
1. A. Scope examination of a joint
2. B. Inflammation of a joint lining
3. C. Surgical fusion of a joint
4. D. Joint repair or replacement
Show answer
Answer: D. Joint repair or replacement
Hip arthroplasty.
Fasciotomy means:
1. A. Incision of fascia
2. B. Repair of torn fascia
3. C. Inflammation of fascia
4. D. Removal of fascia
Show answer
Answer: A. Incision of fascia
Treatment for compartment syndrome. It relieves pressure in compartment syndrome.
Amputation means:
1. A. Fracture of a limb
2. B. Immobilization of a limb
3. C. Removal of a limb or part
4. D. Surgical repair of a joint
Show answer
Answer: C. Removal of a limb or part
From Latin to cut around. It may be surgical or traumatic.
Antepartum means:
1. A. After birth
2. B. During birth
3. C. Related to the newborn
4. D. Before birth
Show answer
Answer: D. Before birth
Ante- before.
Postpartum means:
1. A. During birth
2. B. Before birth
3. C. Related to the fetus
4. D. After birth
Show answer
Answer: D. After birth
Post- after.
Intrapartum means:
1. A. Before labor
2. B. During labor
3. C. Between pregnancies
4. D. After delivery
Show answer
Answer: B. During labor
Intra- within. It covers labor and delivery.
Primigravida means:
1. A. Multiple pregnancies
2. B. First delivery
3. C. No pregnancies
4. D. First pregnancy
Show answer
Answer: D. First pregnancy
Primi- first, gravida pregnant.
Multipara means:
1. A. Is pregnant for the first time
2. B. Is carrying more than one fetus
3. C. Has never given birth
4. D. Has given birth more than once
Show answer
Answer: D. Has given birth more than once
Multi- many, para birth.
Nullipara means:
1. A. Has never given birth
2. B. Is carrying multiple fetuses
3. C. Has given birth once
4. D. Has given birth many times
Show answer
Answer: A. Has never given birth
Nulli- none.
Dysmenorrhea means:
1. A. Absent menstruation
2. B. Painful menstruation
3. C. Irregular menstruation
4. D. Heavy menstruation
Show answer
Answer: B. Painful menstruation
Dys- painful, men/o month, -rrhea flow.
Amenorrhea means:
1. A. Irregular menstruation
2. B. Heavy menstruation
3. C. Painful menstruation
4. D. Absence of menstruation
Show answer
Answer: D. Absence of menstruation
A- without.
Menorrhagia means:
1. A. Heavy menstrual bleeding
2. B. Absent menstrual periods
3. C. Painful menstrual cramping
4. D. Bleeding between periods
Show answer
Answer: A. Heavy menstrual bleeding
-rrhagia excessive flow.
Ectopic pregnancy means:
1. A. Implantation outside the uterus
2. B. Normal uterine pregnancy
3. C. Pregnancy with multiple fetuses
4. D. Pregnancy past 42 weeks
Show answer
Answer: A. Implantation outside the uterus
Ecto- outside, top place.
Neonate means:
1. A. A newborn up to 28 days
2. B. A toddler aged 1 to 3
3. C. A fetus before delivery
4. D. An infant up to 1 year old
Show answer
Answer: A. A newborn up to 28 days
Neo- new, nat birth.
Pediatric means:
1. A. Related to feet
2. B. Related to adults
3. C. Related to children
4. D. Related to the elderly
Show answer
Answer: C. Related to children
Ped/o child.
Geriatric means:
1. A. Related to adolescents
2. B. Related to newborns
3. C. Related to the elderly
4. D. Related to young children
Show answer
Answer: C. Related to the elderly
Ger/o old age.
Antipyretic means:
1. A. Against fever
2. B. Against infection
3. C. Against nausea
4. D. Against pain
Show answer
Answer: A. Against fever
Pyr/o fever.
Antiemetic means:
1. A. Against seizures
2. B. Against fever
3. C. Against vomiting
4. D. Against pain
Show answer
Answer: C. Against vomiting
Emesis vomiting.
Anticonvulsant means:
1. A. Against fever
2. B. Against pain
3. C. Against seizures
4. D. Against vomiting
Show answer
Answer: C. Against seizures
Convulsion seizure.
Anticoagulant means:
1. A. Promotes clotting
2. B. Prevents clotting
3. C. Stops bleeding
4. D. Breaks down clots
Show answer
Answer: B. Prevents clotting
Coagulation clotting.
Bronchodilator means:
1. A. Widens the bronchi
2. B. Suppresses cough
3. C. Thins airway mucus
4. D. Narrows airways
Show answer
Answer: A. Widens the bronchi
Dilator widener.
Vasopressor means:
1. A. Slows the heart rate
2. B. Lowers blood pressure
3. C. Raises blood pressure
4. D. Dilates blood vessels
Show answer
Answer: C. Raises blood pressure
Pressor raises pressure. It usually works by constricting vessels.
Diuretic means:
1. A. Treats urinary infection
2. B. Decreases urine output
3. C. Increases urine output
4. D. Promotes fluid retention
Show answer
Answer: C. Increases urine output
Di- through, ur urine.
Analgesic means:
1. A. Reduces inflammation
2. B. Relieves pain
3. C. Causes sleep
4. D. Causes pain
Show answer
Answer: B. Relieves pain
An- without, algesi pain.
Sedative means:
1. A. Relieves pain only
2. B. Stimulates alertness
3. C. Calms the patient
4. D. Prevents nausea
Show answer
Answer: C. Calms the patient
Sedate to settle. It calms or induces drowsiness.
Hypnotic means:
1. A. Reduces fever
2. B. Induces sleep
3. C. Treats anxiety
4. D. Relieves pain
Show answer
Answer: B. Induces sleep
Hypn/o sleep. Fever reduction describes an antipyretic.
Antihypertensive means:
1. A. Raises heart rate
2. B. Treats shock
3. C. Raises blood pressure
4. D. Lowers blood pressure
Show answer
Answer: D. Lowers blood pressure
Against high pressure.
Sympathomimetic means:
1. A. Blocks parasympathetic effects
2. B. Mimics parasympathetic effects
3. C. Mimics sympathetic effects
4. D. Blocks sympathetic effects
Show answer
Answer: C. Mimics sympathetic effects
Mimetic imitating.
Parasympatholytic means:
1. A. Mimics parasympathetic effects
2. B. Blocks sympathetic effects
3. C. Mimics sympathetic effects
4. D. Blocks parasympathetic effects
Show answer
Answer: D. Blocks parasympathetic effects
-lytic breaking down or blocking.
Cardiogenic means:
1. A. Originating in the heart
2. B. Inflammation of the heart
3. C. Affecting the heart muscle
4. D. Imaging of the heart
Show answer
Answer: A. Originating in the heart
-genic originating from.
Neurogenic means:
1. A. Pain along a nerve pathway
2. B. Arising from the nervous system
3. C. Inflammation of peripheral nerves
4. D. Damage caused to the nerves
Show answer
Answer: B. Arising from the nervous system
Neurogenic shock.
Iatrogenic means:
1. A. Caused by the patient's actions
2. B. Caused by medical care
3. C. Caused by an infection
4. D. Caused by inherited genes
Show answer
Answer: B. Caused by medical care
Iatr/o physician.
Idiopathic means:
1. A. Inherited from parents
2. B. Of unknown cause
3. C. Caused by an infection
4. D. Caused by treatment
Show answer
Answer: B. Of unknown cause
Idi/o one's own, -pathic disease.
Nosocomial means:
1. A. Arising in the nasal passages
2. B. Acquired in the community
3. C. Acquired in a hospital
4. D. Of unknown origin
Show answer
Answer: C. Acquired in a hospital
Now called healthcare-associated. It means acquired in any health care facility.
Congenital means:
1. A. Caused by infection
2. B. Present at birth
3. C. Acquired in adulthood
4. D. Of unknown cause
Show answer
Answer: B. Present at birth
Con- with, genit birth.
Acute means:
1. A. Sudden and brief
2. B. Mild and stable
3. C. Long and recurring
4. D. Gradual and steady
Show answer
Answer: A. Sudden and brief
Acute MI. Sudden onset and short duration.
Chronic means:
1. A. Mild in degree
2. B. Sudden in onset
3. C. Severe in degree
4. D. Long-lasting
Show answer
Answer: D. Long-lasting
Chron/o time. Long-lasting or recurring.
Benign means:
1. A. Rapidly worsening
2. B. Spreading to other sites
3. C. Cancerous and invasive
4. D. Not cancerous
Show answer
Answer: D. Not cancerous
Benign tumor. Not cancerous or not harmful.
Malignant means:
1. A. Mild and self-limited
2. B. Cancerous and invasive
3. C. Noncancerous but growing
4. D. Harmless and localized
Show answer
Answer: B. Cancerous and invasive
Mal- bad. It is capable of spreading.
Metastasis means:
1. A. Shrinkage after chemotherapy
2. B. Cancer spread to new sites
3. C. Surgical removal of a tumor
4. D. Growth of the original tumor
Show answer
Answer: B. Cancer spread to new sites
Meta- beyond, stasis standing.
Prognosis means:
1. A. Treatment plan for a disease
2. B. Underlying cause of a disease
3. C. Identification of a disease
4. D. Prediction of disease outcome
Show answer
Answer: D. Prediction of disease outcome
Pro- before, gnosis knowledge.
Diagnosis means:
1. A. Prevention of a disease
2. B. Treatment of a disease
3. C. Prediction of disease outcome
4. D. Identification of a disease
Show answer
Answer: D. Identification of a disease
Dia- through, gnosis knowledge.
Etiology means:
1. A. Symptoms of a disease
2. B. Outcome of a disease
3. C. Treatment of a disease
4. D. Cause of a disease
Show answer
Answer: D. Cause of a disease
Study of causes.
Sequela means:
1. A. Later effect of an illness
2. B. Original cause of an illness
3. C. Early warning sign of an illness
4. D. Treatment for an illness
Show answer
Answer: A. Later effect of an illness
Plural sequelae. A condition resulting from a previous disease or injury.
Exacerbation means:
1. A. Worsening of a condition
2. B. Onset of a condition
3. C. Improvement of a condition
4. D. Cure of a condition
Show answer
Answer: A. Worsening of a condition
COPD exacerbation.
Remission means:
1. A. Permanent cure
2. B. Worsening of symptoms
3. C. First onset of symptoms
4. D. Lessening of symptoms
Show answer
Answer: D. Lessening of symptoms
Not the same as cure. Symptoms lessen or disappear.
Palliative means:
1. A. Used to diagnose disease
2. B. Relieving symptoms only
3. C. Aimed at curing disease
4. D. Aimed at preventing disease
Show answer
Answer: B. Relieving symptoms only
Comfort-focused. It relieves symptoms without curing.
Prophylactic means:
1. A. Preventive
2. B. Curative
3. C. Palliative
4. D. Diagnostic
Show answer
Answer: A. Preventive
Prophylaxis prevention.
Febrile means:
1. A. Having a fever
2. B. Sweating profusely
3. C. Without fever
4. D. Shivering with chills
Show answer
Answer: A. Having a fever
Febr fever.
Afebrile means:
1. A. Having a fever
2. B. Below normal temperature
3. C. Shivering with chills
4. D. Without fever
Show answer
Answer: D. Without fever
A- without.
Lethargic means:
1. A. Drowsy or sluggish
2. B. Unresponsive to pain
3. C. Agitated and restless
4. D. Fully alert
Show answer
Answer: A. Drowsy or sluggish
A level of consciousness descriptor.
Obtunded means:
1. A. Without vital signs
2. B. Dull and hard to arouse
3. C. Fully alert and oriented
4. D. Agitated and combative
Show answer
Answer: B. Dull and hard to arouse
Between lethargic and stuporous. Dulled responsiveness, difficult to arouse.
Stuporous means:
1. A. Agitated and easily startled
2. B. Rousable only by vigorous stimuli
3. C. Drowsy but easily aroused by voice
4. D. Unresponsive to any stimulus
Show answer
Answer: B. Rousable only by vigorous stimuli
Near coma.
Comatose means:
1. A. In deep but normal sleep
2. B. Unrousable by any stimulus
3. C. Awake but disoriented to time
4. D. Drowsy but rousable to voice
Show answer
Answer: B. Unrousable by any stimulus
Coma deep sleep.
Malaise means:
1. A. Localized sharp pain
2. B. Elevated body temperature
3. C. Feeling generally unwell
4. D. Generalized muscle aches
Show answer
Answer: C. Feeling generally unwell
Mal- bad, aise ease. A general feeling of discomfort or illness. Generalized muscle aches are myalgia, which may accompany malaise but is not its meaning.
Lethargy and fatigue differ in that lethargy implies:
1. A. Reduced alertness
2. B. Physical tiredness only
3. C. Muscle weakness
4. D. Pain with exertion
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Answer: A. Reduced alertness
Lethargy is a mental status finding. Reduced alertness and responsiveness.
Nausea means:
1. A. Urge to vomit
2. B. Forceful vomiting
3. C. Abdominal pain
4. D. Spinning dizziness
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Answer: A. Urge to vomit
From Greek for seasickness. The sensation of needing to vomit.
Emesis means:
1. A. Nausea
2. B. Vomiting
3. C. Diarrhea
4. D. Bleeding
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Answer: B. Vomiting
Vomitus is the material.
Anorexia means:
1. A. Repeated vomiting
2. B. Loss of appetite
3. C. Difficulty swallowing
4. D. Excessive appetite
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Answer: B. Loss of appetite
Not only the eating disorder.
Cachexia means:
1. A. Generalized edema
2. B. Excess body fat
3. C. Severe fluid loss from vomiting
4. D. Wasting from chronic disease
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Answer: D. Wasting from chronic disease
Seen in cancer. It includes weight loss.
Tinnitus means:
1. A. Ringing in the ears
2. B. Infection of the ear
3. C. Loss of hearing
4. D. Pain in the ears
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Answer: A. Ringing in the ears
From Latin for ringing.
Photophobia means:
1. A. Intolerance of light
2. B. Fear of bright places
3. C. Loss of vision
4. D. Blurred vision
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Answer: A. Intolerance of light
Seen in meningitis.
Diplopia means:
1. A. Double vision
2. B. Blindness
3. C. Light sensitivity
4. D. Blurred vision
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Answer: A. Double vision
Dipl/o double, -opia vision.
Nystagmus means:
1. A. Seeing double images
2. B. Drooping of the eyelid
3. C. Rhythmic eye jerking
4. D. Painful eye movement
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Answer: C. Rhythmic eye jerking
Seen in intoxication and neurologic conditions. It is involuntary rhythmic eye movement.
Miosis means:
1. A. Pupil dilation
2. B. Fixed pupils
3. C. Unequal pupil size
4. D. Pupil constriction
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Answer: D. Pupil constriction
Opioids cause miosis.
Mydriasis means:
1. A. Fixed pupils
2. B. Pupil dilation
3. C. Pupil constriction
4. D. Unequal pupils
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Answer: B. Pupil dilation
Sympathomimetics cause mydriasis.
Anisocoria means:
1. A. Dilated pupils
2. B. Fixed pupils
3. C. Unequal pupils
4. D. Constricted pupils
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Answer: C. Unequal pupils
An- without, iso- equal, cor pupil.
Trismus means:
1. A. Fractured mandible
2. B. Jaw muscle spasm
3. C. Dislocated jaw
4. D. Jaw joint pain
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Answer: B. Jaw muscle spasm
Seen in tetanus and some infections. Commonly called lockjaw.
A stroke patient coughs and chokes when trying to drink water. This finding is:
1. A. Dysphagia
2. B. Dysphasia
3. C. Dysarthria
4. D. Dyspepsia
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Answer: A. Dysphagia
-phagia refers to swallowing, so dysphagia is difficult swallowing. Patients with it should get nothing by mouth because of aspiration risk. Dysphasia is impaired language, dysarthria is slurred speech from weak muscles, and dyspepsia is indigestion.
Odynophagia means:
1. A. Painful swallowing
2. B. Inability to swallow
3. C. Difficulty swallowing
4. D. Excessive swallowing
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Answer: A. Painful swallowing
Odyn/o pain.
Stomatitis means:
1. A. Mouth inflammation
2. B. Throat inflammation
3. C. Stomach inflammation
4. D. Tongue inflammation
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Answer: A. Mouth inflammation
Stomat/o mouth, not stomach.
Glossitis means:
1. A. Gum inflammation
2. B. Mouth inflammation
3. C. Tongue inflammation
4. D. Throat inflammation
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Answer: C. Tongue inflammation
Gloss/o tongue.
Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and cardiomegaly share:
1. A. A root meaning organ
2. B. A shared combining vowel
3. C. A prefix meaning large
4. D. A suffix meaning enlarged
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Answer: D. A suffix meaning enlarged
Learn one suffix, decode three words. The shared suffix is -megaly.

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